Am not sure i would buy this again but it does seem to work well! It smells minty clean n fresh n the astringent cooling sensation is immediate ! It has essential oils, including Peppermint, Ti-Tree, Basil, Sage, Chamomile and Geranium, which have cooling, astringent qualities and work to stimulate circulation, reduce water retention and relieve swelling.a luxury gift to a pregnant friend or someone that stands on their feet for a prolonged period of time!